A. Tick (✔) the correct option.
1. The largest industry of India in terms of employment is—
✔ (a) cotton textile
2. Which one of the following industries helps in the manufacturing of electronic goods?
✔ (b) aluminium
3. Jamshedpur is known for which type of activities?
✔ (d) industrial
4. Which industry is known as the backbone of modern civilisation?
✔ (d) iron and steel industry
5. The first modern Iron and Steel company to be established in India was—
✔ (a) TISCO
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. The conversion of raw material into more useful products with the help of machines is defined as
👉 manufacturing
2. On the basis of __________ manufacturing industry is classified into cottage industry, __________ scale industry and large scale industry.
👉 size, small
3. Industry whose finished products are used as raw material is called as __________ industry.
👉 basic
4. Clustering of industries in a particular area is defined as __________ region.
👉 industrial
5. Semi-conductor chips in a computer __________, __________ and __________ information.
👉 process, store and transmit
C. Write True or False for the following statements.
- Manufacturing industries add value to the commodity.
👉 True - Bhilai Steel Plant is located in Madhya Pradesh in India.
👉 False (It is in Chhattisgarh) - Chotanagpur Plateau region has large concentration of iron and steel industries.
👉 True - An industrial labourer earns more than an agricultural labour does.
👉 True - The raw materials for the iron and steel industry are iron ore, coking coal and limestone.
👉 True
D. Answer the following questions in brief.
1. How can we measure the economic development of a country? Explain.
Economic development of a country can be measured by its Gross Domestic Product (GDP), level of industrialisation, per capita income, employment opportunities and standard of living of people. Higher production and income indicate better development.
2. What are the basis on which the industries can be classified? Give at least two examples for each.
Industries can be classified on the following basis:
- On the basis of raw materials:
Agro-based (cotton textile, sugar)
Mineral-based (iron and steel, cement) - On the basis of size:
Cottage industry (handloom, handicrafts)
Large scale industry (automobile, steel plants) - On the basis of ownership:
Private sector (Reliance, Tata)
Public sector (SAIL, BHEL)
3. State any three non-geographical factors that affect the location of an industry.
- Availability of capital
- Government policies
- Availability of skilled labour
4. Name any five industrial regions of India.
- Mumbai–Pune region
- Hooghly region
- Chotanagpur Plateau region
- Ahmedabad–Vadodara region
- Bengaluru–Tamil Nadu region
5. Differentiate between private sector and public sector.
| Private Sector | Public Sector |
|---|---|
| Owned by individuals or companies | Owned by government |
| Profit is main aim | Public welfare is main aim |
| Examples: Tata, Reliance | Examples: SAIL, BHEL |
E. Answer the following questions.
1. Why is cotton textile industry largely concentrated in Gujarat and Maharashtra? Explain any five reasons.
- Availability of raw cotton
- Suitable humid climate
- Good transport facilities
- Availability of labour
- Presence of ports like Mumbai for export
2. State the factors which have helped in the development of IT industry in Bengaluru.
- Availability of skilled manpower
- Pleasant climate
- Government support
- Good infrastructure
- Presence of educational institutions
3. Explain with suitable examples how a basic industry is different from a consumer industry. In your opinion, which one of the two should be given priority and why?
Basic industries produce raw materials for other industries (e.g., iron and steel).
Consumer industries produce goods for direct use (e.g., sugar, textiles).
Basic industries should be given priority because they support the growth of other industries and overall development.
4. What is the importance of manufacturing industries for a nation like India? Explain.
- Generates employment
- Increases GDP
- Reduces dependence on agriculture
- Promotes exports
- Develops infrastructure
5. Why is the iron and steel industry considered basic to the industrial development of any country? Name any four major iron and steel plants of India and their location.
Iron and steel industry is basic because it provides raw material for other industries like construction, machinery, transport, etc.
Major plants:
- Jamshedpur – Jharkhand
- Bhilai – Chhattisgarh
- Rourkela – Odisha
- Bokaro – Jharkhand