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DAV SolutionsDAV Class 8 SST Chapter 14 The Nationalist Movement (1870 to 1947) Solutions
A. Tick the correct option
- In a parliamentary form of government—
Answer: (a) the executive is answerable to the Parliament. - The Constituent Assembly of India consisted of—
Answer: (b) indirectly elected members. - Most of the provisions of Indian Constitution can be amended by—
Answer: (b) special majority. - Freedom of religion makes India a—
Answer: (c) secular state. - Which one of the following statements goes against the spirit of federalism in India?
Answer: (c) The government at the Centre is very strong.
B. Fill in the blanks
- Family is the basic unit of society.
- India is a vast country with various religious, linguistic and cultural diversities.
- The Constitution provides a set of rules, principles and laws acceptable to almost all.
- England is not a republic because its Head of the State is hereditary monarch.
- India has a single integrated judicial system.
C. Write True or False
- Mohan is a Gujarati but lives in Himachal Pradesh and has a dual citizenship.
Answer: False - The President of India has the power to remove any judge of the Supreme Court.
Answer: False - There were 15 female members in the Constituent Assembly of India.
Answer: True - A Constitution is called rigid or flexible on the basis of the procedure for its amendments.
Answer: True - India is a sovereign and socialist state but not secular.
Answer: False
D. Answer the following questions in brief
1. Cite three examples to prove that Indian Constitution is quite dynamic.
- The Constitution can be amended to meet changing needs of society.
- Many amendments (like adding Fundamental Duties) show its flexibility.
- New laws and policies are framed under it to adapt to modern conditions.
2. Identify any three provisions which make the Constitution of India rigid as well as flexible.
- Some provisions can be amended by a simple majority (flexible).
- Most provisions require a special majority in Parliament.
- Certain amendments need ratification by half of the State Legislatures (rigid).
3. “India has a parliamentary form of government.” Give any three examples.
- The executive is responsible to the Parliament.
- The Prime Minister and Council of Ministers hold real power.
- The government remains in power only as long as it enjoys the confidence of the Lok Sabha.
4. Why is Indian federation called quite unique? Explain.
- India has features of both federal and unitary systems.
- Powers are divided between Centre and States, but the Centre is stronger.
- During emergencies, the system becomes unitary.
- There is a single Constitution and single citizenship.
5. Explain the procedures of amending the Indian Constitution.
5. Explain the procedures of amending the Indian Constitution.
The Constitution can be amended in three ways:
- Simple Majority
- Used for less important matters.
- Passed like an ordinary law.
- Special Majority
- Requires approval of more than half of total members and two-thirds of members present and voting.
- Special Majority + State Ratification
- Needed for important federal matters.
- At least half of the State Legislatures must approve it.
👉 This system ensures that important changes are made carefully and thoughtfully..
E. Answer the following questions
E. Answer the following questions
1. Describe the composition and contribution of the Constituent Assembly of India.
The Constituent Assembly of India was a historic body that played a crucial role in shaping the future of our nation.
Composition:
It was formed in 1946, before India became independent. The members of the Assembly were indirectly elected by the provincial legislatures. It included people from different regions, religions, and communities, ensuring that the voices of diverse groups were heard. Initially, it had 389 members, but after the partition of India, the number was reduced. Many great leaders like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Jawaharlal Nehru, and others were part of it.
Contribution:
The Constituent Assembly worked with great dedication for nearly three years to draft the Constitution. It carefully discussed and debated every provision to ensure fairness and justice. It gave India a Constitution that guarantees fundamental rights, promotes equality, and protects the dignity of every citizen. It laid the foundation of India as a democratic republic, where people have the power to choose their government. Its work reflects the dreams and aspirations of millions of Indians.
2. Describe any five salient features of the Indian Constitution.
The Indian Constitution has several important features that make it unique and strong:
- Written and Detailed Constitution
It is one of the longest written constitutions in the world, covering all aspects of governance clearly. - Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic
These words define the nature of India—independent, fair, equal for all religions, governed by the people, and led by an elected head. - Fundamental Rights
These rights protect the freedom and dignity of citizens, such as the right to equality, freedom of speech, and religion. - Federal System with Unitary Features
Power is divided between the Centre and States, but the Centre is stronger to maintain unity. - Independent Judiciary
The judiciary works independently to protect the Constitution and ensure justice for all.
👉 These features ensure that the country runs smoothly and citizens feel secure and respected.
3. Mention any five purposes which the Constitution of India serves towards strengthening democracy.
The Constitution plays a vital role in making India a strong democracy:
- Provides a Framework of Governance
It clearly defines how the government functions and distributes power. - Protects Fundamental Rights
It ensures that every citizen enjoys basic freedoms and is treated equally. - Promotes Justice and Equality
It works towards reducing discrimination and providing equal opportunities to all. - Ensures Rule of Law
Everyone, including leaders, must follow the law, preventing misuse of power. - Maintains Stability and Order
By setting clear rules and responsibilities, it helps avoid conflicts and chaos.
👉 In this way, the Constitution acts as the backbone of Indian democracy.
4. India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. Explain.
India is described by these five important terms, each reflecting a core value:
- Sovereign
India is completely independent and free to take its own decisions without interference from other countries. - Socialist
The government works to reduce inequality and ensure that wealth and resources are distributed fairly among people. - Secular
India does not favor any one religion. All religions are respected equally, and people are free to follow any faith. - Democratic
The power lies in the hands of the people. Citizens elect their leaders through elections. - Republic
The Head of the State, the President, is elected and not a king or queen by birth.
👉 Together, these values create a fair, inclusive, and people-centered nation.
5. Why do some people say that India is a federation with unitary features? Explain with the help of any five Constitutional provisions.
India is called a federation with unitary features because it combines the qualities of both systems.
Federal Features:
- Powers are divided between the Centre and the States.
- Both levels of government have their own responsibilities.
Unitary Features (Strong Centre):
- Single Constitution
Unlike some countries, India has one Constitution for both Centre and States. - Single Citizenship
Every person is an Indian citizen only—there is no separate state citizenship. - Emergency Provisions
During emergencies, the Centre can take control of State powers. - Governor System
Governors of states are appointed by the Centre, showing central control. - Residuary Powers with Centre
Powers not mentioned in the lists belong to the Central Government.
👉 This unique system helps India maintain unity and stability, while also allowing regional governments to function effectively.
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